Khnumhotep II, whose name means “Khnum is pleased,” was a prominent figure in ancient Egypt, serving as the Great Chief of the Oryx nome during the reigns of Pharaohs Amenemhat II and Senusret II, around the 20th century BCE. He’s particularly famous for his stunning tomb at Beni Hasan, which is richly decorated.
Coming from a powerful family of nomarchs and officials, his grandfather Khnumhotep I likely established their notable lineage, which had roots in a place called Men’at Khufu. Khnumhotep II wore many hats—he held titles like hereditary prince, count, overseer of the Eastern Desert, and even royal sealer, showcasing his high standing. He was active in his roles from Year 19 of Amenemhat II’s reign and continued until at least Year 6 of Senusret II, as noted in his tomb. Like many nomarchs of his time, he also had some priestly duties.
A glimpse into his life can be found on the inner doorway of his rock-cut tomb, which is perched in the eastern cliffs above Beni Hasan. He even traveled to notable places like Byblos and Punt!
Khnumhotep II likely succeeded his relative Netjernakht as nomarch and honored him by building a tomb for him. His mother was Baqet, and his father, Neheri, held an official position. He had two wives: Khety, who was the daughter of the nomarch from the neighboring 17th nome with Hardai as its capital. Khety had an impressive list of titles, including “daughter of a governor” and “priestess of Hathor.” His other wife, Tjat, held more modest titles like “lady of the house” and was known as a “sealer.” Interestingly, Tjat was the only known female sealer at the local governor’s court.
The presence of both wives in his tomb suggests that Khnumhotep’s marriage to Khety was likely arranged for political reasons, while Tjat may have been his true love, appointed as a sealer to keep her close.
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