The Legacy of Knocking and Kicking: The Little-known Traditional African-American Martial Art

Kicking and Knocking, a little-known traditional African-American martial art, has a rich history deeply rooted in both physical combat and cultural expression. Practiced clandestinely in parts of the Southern US and on the Sea Islands, this unique martial art integrates acrobatic movements and musical accompaniment, making it inseparable from dance. Its origins can be traced back to Central Africa, particularly the Kongo Kingdom, where it possibly stemmed from the engolo tradition and shares similarities with capoeira and danmyé.

Originally, knocking and kicking was practiced as a martial art among enslaved individuals. It was performed secretly within the black community, often set to the beat of drums, clapping, or the accompaniment of reed pipes known as “quills.” The art’s movements were not only physical but highly ritualistic, with music and acrobatics playing an integral role in its performance. This clandestine practice continued to thrive post-abolition, becoming a part of African-American secret societies and contributing to the physical and ritual aspects of these groups.

The unique techniques of knocking and kicking included a variety of sweeps, possibly inspired by the engolo style, as well as the “cross-step” technique used to knock opponents off their feet, and the “catman” technique executed while standing. The art’s practitioners were known for their exceptional skills, with stories of individuals like James Cohen and “Heavy Dick” Miller showcasing their prowess, leaving a lasting impact on the community.

Furthermore, knocking and kicking played a significant role in the religious and spiritual practices of the enslaved. It held a sacred purpose, believed to protect the elders of the Old Religion. The ancient martial art, practiced by clergy among the enslaved and their followers, was endorsed for open practice during secret gatherings, often referred to as “drum meetings.” The physical inversions and acrobatic maneuvers of knocking and kicking hinted at its potential role in accessing spiritual power, contributing to the distinctive religious expression of African-American communities.

In recent years, there has been a renewed effort to document and revive knocking and kicking as part of African-American cultural heritage, emphasizing the importance of South Carolina in the prominence of this martial art. The clandestine nature of its practice restricted its widespread dissemination, impacting its preservation over time. Efforts to revive this martial art stand as a testament to its significance within African-American culture and history.

The resurgence of interest in knocking and kicking offers a unique opportunity to appreciate and understand the cultural and historical significance of this traditional martial art. By delving into its origins, techniques, and influence on African-American communities, we can uncover a rich heritage that has persevered through secrecy and adversity. This cultural revival presents an opportunity for individuals to connect with their roots, embrace their history, and celebrate the resilience and creativity of the African-American community.

In conclusion, knocking and kicking, with its blend of martial arts, music, and ritualistic significance, provides a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and historical tapestry of African-American tradition. The revival of interest in this martial art serves as a tribute to its enduring legacy, shedding light on its resilience in times of oppression and its continued relevance in contemporary society. As we continue to explore and reinvigorate elements of our shared history, knocking and kicking stands as a testament to the strength, creativity, and cultural contributions of the African-American community.